Is it not just as plausible to postulate a relative protection
from schizophrenia in less developed countries that is inversely
proportional to their degree of development. In this scenario the
schizophrenia genotypes would be more prevalent in these countries and
only become more liable to expression upon migration. This of course
would be particularly so for those in the high risk years which a numbe...
Is it not just as plausible to postulate a relative protection
from schizophrenia in less developed countries that is inversely
proportional to their degree of development. In this scenario the
schizophrenia genotypes would be more prevalent in these countries and
only become more liable to expression upon migration. This of course
would be particularly so for those in the high risk years which a number
of first generation migrants would have traversed. This argument would be
supported by the well documented improved outcomes with schizophrenias in
the less developed world.
It would be interesting to know what proportion of the sample that
had the initial positive response maintain the improvement in the longer
term. This is important as tardive dyskinesia characteristically occurs
after prolonged neuroleptic therapy. There are several case reports of
long-term risperidone therapy causing tardive dyskinesia [1-5]. Recently a child in my
clinic developed tardive dyskines...
It would be interesting to know what proportion of the sample that
had the initial positive response maintain the improvement in the longer
term. This is important as tardive dyskinesia characteristically occurs
after prolonged neuroleptic therapy. There are several case reports of
long-term risperidone therapy causing tardive dyskinesia [1-5]. Recently a child in my
clinic developed tardive dyskinesia after being on risperidone for 18
months. Risperidone was used in this case to control the behavioural
symptoms of autism.
References:
1. Mullen A. Risperidone and tardive dyskinesia: a case of
blepharospasm. [Case Reports. Letter] Australian & New Zealand Journal
of Psychiatry. 34(5):879-80, 2000 Oct
2. Ipekci S. Birsoz S. Tardive dyskinesia caused by the atypical
antipsychotic risperidone and cured by the use of another drug of the same
class, olanzapine. [Case Reports. Letter] European Psychiatry: the Journal
of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 16(4):259-60, 2001 Jun.
3. Suzuki E. Obata M. Yoshida Y. Miyaoka H. Tardive dyskinesia with
risperidone and anticholinergics. [Case Reports. Letter] American Journal
of Psychiatry. 159(11):1948, 2002 Nov.
4. Karama S. Lal S. Tardive dyskinesia following brief exposure to
risperidone--a case study. [Case Reports. Letter] European Psychiatry: the
Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 19(6):391-2, 2004
Sep
5. Kwon H. Tardive dyskinesia in an autistic patient treated with
risperidone. [Case Reports. Letter] American Journal of Psychiatry.
161(4):757-8, 2004 Apr
The title and content of this article give the impression that
buprenorphine is akin to symptomatic treatments like clonidine, lofexidine
and the various cocktails of drugs added to these drugs during
detoxification.
We have been using buprenorphine detoxification for over
a year with good results. However, it should be recognized that
buprenorphine is a drug of abuse and more like methadone or...
The title and content of this article give the impression that
buprenorphine is akin to symptomatic treatments like clonidine, lofexidine
and the various cocktails of drugs added to these drugs during
detoxification.
We have been using buprenorphine detoxification for over
a year with good results. However, it should be recognized that
buprenorphine is a drug of abuse and more like methadone or other opiates
in its effects, and in patient expectations of effects. In fact
buprenorphine is used in some cases as a maintainence therapy. There is a
basic difference between symptomatic treatment and replacement therapy
with buprenophine falling into the latter camp.
It was interesting to read the paper of Haug et al.[1] I have a number of comments:
1.The SSRI group of anti-depressant medications are the best-established drug treatment for social anxiety
disorder.[2] However, Veale in his review article shows that CBT is the
initial of choice of treatment for social phobia.[3]
2.I think the authors should have included other treatment o...
It was interesting to read the paper of Haug et al.[1] I have a number of comments:
1.The SSRI group of anti-depressant medications are the best-established drug treatment for social anxiety
disorder.[2] However, Veale in his review article shows that CBT is the
initial of choice of treatment for social phobia.[3]
2.I think the authors should have included other treatment options, such as CBT, in their study.
I hope the authors at some stage will address these points.
References
(1) Haug TT,Blomhoff S,Hellstrom K,etal,Exposure therapy and sertaline in
social phobia:1-year follow up of a randomised control trial. Br J Psychiatry 2003;182:312-8.
Dear Editor,
Is it not just as plausible to postulate a relative protection from schizophrenia in less developed countries that is inversely proportional to their degree of development. In this scenario the schizophrenia genotypes would be more prevalent in these countries and only become more liable to expression upon migration. This of course would be particularly so for those in the high risk years which a numbe...
Dear Editor,
It would be interesting to know what proportion of the sample that had the initial positive response maintain the improvement in the longer term. This is important as tardive dyskinesia characteristically occurs after prolonged neuroleptic therapy. There are several case reports of long-term risperidone therapy causing tardive dyskinesia [1-5]. Recently a child in my clinic developed tardive dyskines...
Dear Editor
The title and content of this article give the impression that buprenorphine is akin to symptomatic treatments like clonidine, lofexidine and the various cocktails of drugs added to these drugs during detoxification.
We have been using buprenorphine detoxification for over a year with good results. However, it should be recognized that buprenorphine is a drug of abuse and more like methadone or...
Dear Editor
It was interesting to read the paper of Haug et al.[1] I have a number of comments:
1.The SSRI group of anti-depressant medications are the best-established drug treatment for social anxiety disorder.[2] However, Veale in his review article shows that CBT is the initial of choice of treatment for social phobia.[3]
2.I think the authors should have included other treatment o...