RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Suicide deaths associated with climate change-induced heat anomalies in Australia: a time series regression analysis
JF BMJ Mental Health
JO BMJ Ment Health
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, Royal College of Psychiatrists and British Psychological Society
SP e301131
DO 10.1136/bmjment-2024-301131
VO 27
IS 1
A1 Hertzog, Lucas
A1 Charlson, Fiona
A1 Tschakert, Petra
A1 Morgan, Geoffrey G
A1 Norman, Richard
A1 Pereira, Gavin
A1 Hanigan, Ivan C
YR 2024
UL http://mentalhealth.bmj.com//content/27/1/e301131.abstract
AB Background Although environmental determinants play an important role in suicide mortality, the quantitative influence of climate change-induced heat anomalies on suicide deaths remains relatively underexamined.Objective The objective is to quantify the impact of climate change-induced heat anomalies on suicide deaths in Australia from 2000 to 2019.Methods A time series regression analysis using a generalised additive model was employed to explore the potentially non-linear relationship between temperature anomalies and suicide, incorporating structural variables such as sex, age, season and geographic region. Suicide deaths data were obtained from the Australian National Mortality Database, and gridded climate data of gridded surface temperatures were sourced from the Australian Gridded Climate Dataset.Findings Heat anomalies in the study period were between 0.02°C and 2.2°C hotter than the historical period due to climate change. Our analysis revealed that approximately 0.5% (264 suicides, 95% CI 257 to 271) of the total 50 733 suicides within the study period were attributable to climate change-induced heat anomalies. Death counts associated with heat anomalies were statistically significant (p value 0.03) among men aged 55+ years old. Seasonality was a significant factor, with increased deaths during spring and summer. The relationship between high heat anomalies and suicide deaths varied across different demographic segments.Conclusions and implications This study highlights the measurable impact of climate change-induced heat anomalies on suicide deaths in Australia, emphasising the need for increased climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in public health planning and suicide prevention efforts focusing on older adult men. The findings underscore the importance of considering environmental factors in addition to individual-level factors in understanding and reducing suicide mortality.Data are available on reasonable request. The R codes are available in the Git Hub repository: https://github.com/cardat/ResPrj_suicide_and_heat. Aggregated Cause of Death data is hosted on the CARDAT platform provided by Australian Institute of Health and Welfare from the Registries of Births, Deaths and Marriages and the National Coronial Information System (managed by the Victorian Department of Justice) and include cause of death coded by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The derived data from the National Mortality Database and temperature data used in this study can be requested at http://cardat.github.io/ and car.data@https://www.sydney.edu.au/.