Placebo v no treatment for various conditions*
| Outcomes at the end of treatment | Pooled standardised mean difference (95% CI)† |
|---|---|
| *Abbreviations defined in glossary. | |
| †Negative value indicates a beneficial effect of placebo. | |
| Overall continuous outcomes | −0.28 (−0.38 to −0.19) |
| Subjective continuous outcomes | −0.36 (−0.47 to −0.25) |
| Pain (continuous outcomes only) | −0.27 (−0.40 to −0.15) |