Pooled prevalence of childhood mental disorders
| Disorder | Age* (years) | Number of studies | Sample size | Prevalence (%) (95% CI) |
| Any anxiety disorder† | 4–18 | 12 | 53 663 | 5.2 (3.2 to 8.2) |
| Specific phobia | 4–18 | 7 | 37 170 | 3.4 (1.9 to 5.9) |
| Separation anxiety disorder | 4–18 | 10 | 46 935 | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.6) |
| Social anxiety disorder | 4–18 | 10 | 46 935 | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.3) |
| Generalised anxiety disorder | 4–18 | 11 | 49 977 | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.7) |
| Panic disorder | 4–18 | 9 | 38 881 | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.3) |
| Agoraphobia | 4–18 | 5 | 26 691 | 0.1 (0.04 to 0.4) |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | 4–18 | 14 | 61 545 | 3.7 (2.3 to 5.7) |
| Oppositional defiant disorder | 4–18 | 10 | 47 299 | 3.3 (2.4 to 4.6) |
| Any substance use disorder‡ | 12–18 | 4 | 15 788 | 2.3 (2.1 to 2.6) |
| Alcohol use disorder | 12–18 | 3 | 9114 | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4) |
| Cannabis use disorder | 12–18 | 2 | 2631 | 0.6 (0.4 to 1.0) |
| Any depressive disorder§ | 4–18 | 7 | 31 737 | 1.8 (0.8 to 3.8) |
| Major depressive disorder | 4–18 | 11 | 45 696 | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.9) |
| Dysthymia | 4–18 | 4 | 8142 | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.7) |
| Conduct disorder | 4–18 | 13 | 59 960 | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.3) |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 4–18 | 4 | 21 629 | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.8) |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 4–18 | 7 | 33 769 | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.6) |
| Bipolar disorder | 12–18 | 2 | 8128 | 0.3 (0.1 to 1.1) |
| Eating disorders | 12–18 | 5 | 21 194 | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.5) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 4–18 | 8 | 35 839 | 0.1 (0.04 to 0.4) |
| Schizophrenia | 12–18 | 2 | 5500 | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.3) |
| Any disorder¶ | 4–18 | 14 | 61 545 | 12.7 (10.1 to 15.9) |
*Earliest age in the ranges provided reflects when disorders typically emerge.2
†For any anxiety disorder, 6 studies included post-traumatic stress and/or obsessive-compulsive disorders.
‡For any substance use disorder, 2 studies included alcohol, cannabis, nicotine and other substances; 1 included alcohol and drugs; and one did not specify.
§For any depressive disorder, 4 studies included major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymia; 1 included MDD and depression not specifie; 1 included MDD, dysthymia and bipolar; and 1 did not specify.
¶Overall estimate for children with any disorder is less than the sum of estimates for the specific disorders because 26.5% of children had two or more disorders concurrently.