Table 3

Absolute and relative rates of lifetime sleep disorder diagnoses and sleep medication prescriptions in individuals with and without ADHD (5–60 years)

Full cohort (born 1945–2008)
ADHD prevalence=2.25%ADHD group (n=145 490)Non-ADHD group (n=632 5168)OR95% CI
N%N%
Diagnosed sleep disorder
 Insomnia24921.7186440.1416.3915.63 to 17.17
 Hypersomnia5230.3615250.0220.1818.18 to 22.40
 Sleepwalk700.054360.016.314.88 to 8.17
 Sleep-wake schedule (circadian rhythm)8340.5718520.0319.2817.70 to 21.00
 Sleep terror570.043290.014.803.61 to 6.37
 Nightmares600.043470.017.315.52 to 9.67
 Other3030.2111740.0212.7111.14 to 14.49
 Unspecified55843.8423 2890.3712.3712.00 to 12.76
 RLS2760.1935350.066.856.04 to 7.76
 Sleep apnoea18531.2760 7720.962.662.54 to 2.80
 Narcolepsy and cataplexy6470.444610.0173.1264.44 to 82.96
Any sleep disorder10 8567.4695 0751.508.388.20 to 8.57
Medication prescription
 Zopiclone29 93520.58403 6886.387.937.82 to 8.05
 Zolpidem20 29613.95298 3784.726.896.78 to 7.01
 Melatonin35 43324.3556 9690.9037.7337.15 to 38.31
 Propiomazine31 62321.74357 9995.668.288.17 to 8.40
 Zaleplon22771.5717 6260.2810.6210.14 to 11.11
Any sleep medication69 08147.48757 78211.9814.4114.24 to 14.58
  • ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; RLS, restless leg syndrome.