Studies reporting on spontaneous movement disorders
| Study | FEP | Scale and threshold | Dyskinesia (%)* | Parkinsonism (%)* | Akathisia (%)* | Dystonia (%)* | Risk of bias |
| Aydemir et al 36 | – | AIMS (S&K) | 23 | – | – | – | Moderate |
| Ayehu et al 37 | – | AIMS (S&K), SAS ≥3 | 5 | 9 | – | – | Moderate |
| Bhandari et al 38 | + | AIMS (S&K) | 14 | – | – | – | Moderate |
| Caligiuri and Lohr39 | – | AIMS ≥1 | 14 | – | – | – | High |
| Caligiuri and Lohr40 | – | SAS | – | 37 | – | – | High |
| Carbon et al 41 | + | AIMS (S&K) | 0 | 6 | – | – | Moderate |
| Chatterjee et al 42 | + | SAS ≥1 TDS (S&K) | 1 | 17 | – | – | Moderate |
| Chong et al 43 | + | SAS ≥3 | – | 2.3 | – | – | High |
| Cortese et al 44 | + | SAS ≥3 ESRS-D ≥1 | 13 | 18 | – | – | High |
| Cuesta et al 45 | + | SAS ≥4 BARS AIMS | – | 19.5 | – | – | Moderate |
| Cunningham Owens et al 46 | – | AIMS | 36 | – | – | – | High |
| Gervin et al 47 | + | AIMS (S&K) | 10 | – | – | – | Moderate |
| Honer et al 48 | + | ESRS ≥2 | 4 | 27 | 6 | – | Moderate |
| Honer et al 49 HK cohort | + | AIMS ≥1 SAS ≥1 | 1.2 | 11.9 | – | – | High |
| Honer et al 49 Canada cohort | + | AIMS ≥1 ESRS ≥2 | 10 | 35 | – | 15 | High |
| Fenn et al 50 | – | AIMS (S&K) SHRS >10 | 14 | 18 | – | – | Moderate |
| Jager51 | + | AIMS (S&K) SAS ≥3 BARS ≥2 | 11 | 5.6 | 6 | – | Moderate |
| Kopala et al 52 | + | ESRS | 0 | 28 | 15.6 | Moderate | |
| Kopala et al 53 | + | ESRS ≥2 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 0 | Moderate |
| Lee et al 54 | + | AIMS (S&K) | 0 | – | – | – | High |
| McCreadie and Ohaeri55 | – | AIMS (S&K) | 0 | – | – | – | Moderate |
| McCreadie et al 56 | – | AIMS (S&K) SAS ≥3 | 35 | 15 | – | – | High |
| Ojagbemi et al 57 | + | ESRS ≥2 | 3 | 18.2 | 3 | 0 | Moderate |
| Ojagbemi et al 58 | + | ESRS ≥2 | 3 | 16 | 3 | 0 | Moderate |
| Peralta et al 59 | – | MRS | – | 18.5 | 7 | – | Moderate |
| Peralta et al 60 | – | AIMS (S&K) SAS ≥3 BARS ≥2 | 16 | 24.5 | 4 | – | Moderate |
| Puri et al 61 | + | AIMS (S&K) SAS ≥3 BARS ≥2 | 11 | 4 | 0 | – | High |
| Rybakowski et al 62 | + | SHRS ≥1 | 0 | 8 | 23 | – | Moderate |
*Number and percentage of patients positive for the specific movement disorder in each study, according to the threshold in that study.
AIMS, Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale; BARS, Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale ; ESRS, Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale; FEP, first-episode psychosis; HK, HongKong; MRS, Modified Rogers Scale; SAS, Simpson-Angus Scale for extrapyramidal side effects ; SHRS, St. Hans Rating Scale for extrapyramidal symptoms; S&K, Schooler & Kane severity criteria for definite tardive dyskinesia: a score of 2 on at least two items or a score of ≥3 on one item of the AIMS.