Characteristics of individuals with and without type 2 diabetes in the nested case–control sample
| T2D group (n=2355) | Non-T2D group (n=11 681) | |
| Age at baseline, median (IQR), years | 41.2(32.3, 49.0) | 41.0(32.2, 48.8) |
| Follow-up time, median (IQR), years | 5.3(2.7, 7.9) | 5.3(2.7, 7.8) |
| Male, n (%) | 1448 (61.5%) | 7174 (61.4%) |
| Born in Sweden, n (%) | 2022 (85.9%) | 10 489 (89.8%) |
| Education*, n (%) | ||
| Primary and lower secondary education | 760 (32.3%) | 3102 (26.6%) |
| Upper secondary education | 1228 (52.1%) | 5923 (50.7%) |
| Postsecondary and postgraduate education | 320 (13.6%) | 2549 (21.8%) |
| Unknown | 47 (2.0%) | 107 (0.9%) |
| Somatic comorbidities*, n (%) | ||
| Obesity | 235 (10.0%) | 452 (3.9%) |
| CVDs | 383 (16.3%) | 1025 (8.8%) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 107 (4.5%) | 160 (1.4%) |
| Sleep disorder | 233 (9.9%) | 635 (5.4%) |
| Psychiatric comorbidities*, n (%) | ||
| Anxiety disorder | 478 (20.3%) | 1747 (15.0%) |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 242 (10.3%) | 883 (7.6%) |
| Bipolar disorder | 277 (11.8%) | 1073 (9.2%) |
| Conduct disorder | 30 (1.3%) | 85 (0.7%) |
| Depressive disorder | 983 (41.7%) | 4055 (34.7%) |
| Eating disorders | 55 (2.3%) | 222 (1.9%) |
| Intellectual disability | 101 (4.3%) | 232 (2.0%) |
| Personality disorders | 466 (19.8%) | 1708 (14.6%) |
| Schizophrenia | 180 (7.6%) | 559 (4.8%) |
| Substance use disorders | 873 (37.1%) | 3870 (33.1%) |
| Any ADHD medication use, n (%) | 1883 (80.0%) | 9849 (84.3%) |
| Methylphenidate use | 1666 (70.7%) | 8929 (76.4%) |
| Amphetamine use | 7 (0.3%) | 50 (0.4%) |
| Lisdexamfetamine use | 413 (17.5%) | 2318 (19.8%) |
| Dexamphetamine use | 125 (5.3%) | 858 (7.3%) |
| Atomoxetine use | 600 (25.5%) | 2813 (24.1%) |
| Guanfacine use | 27 (1.1%) | 112 (1.0%) |
*Educational attainment and comorbidities for cases and controls were assessed at baseline.
ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CVD, cardiovascular disease; T2D, type 2 diabetes.